diff --git a/embassy-net/src/stack.rs b/embassy-net/src/stack.rs
index 3a761075..63108740 100644
--- a/embassy-net/src/stack.rs
+++ b/embassy-net/src/stack.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::cell::RefCell;
 use core::future::{poll_fn, Future};
 use core::task::{Context, Poll};
 
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ pub enum ConfigStrategy {
 }
 
 pub struct Stack<D: Device> {
-    pub(crate) socket: UnsafeCell<SocketStack>,
-    inner: UnsafeCell<Inner<D>>,
+    pub(crate) socket: RefCell<SocketStack>,
+    inner: RefCell<Inner<D>>,
 }
 
 struct Inner<D: Device> {
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ pub(crate) struct SocketStack {
     next_local_port: u16,
 }
 
-unsafe impl<D: Device> Send for Stack<D> {}
-
 impl<D: Device + 'static> Stack<D> {
     pub fn new<const ADDR: usize, const SOCK: usize, const NEIGH: usize>(
         device: D,
@@ -143,40 +141,38 @@ impl<D: Device + 'static> Stack<D> {
         }
 
         Self {
-            socket: UnsafeCell::new(socket),
-            inner: UnsafeCell::new(inner),
+            socket: RefCell::new(socket),
+            inner: RefCell::new(inner),
         }
     }
 
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&SocketStack, &Inner<D>) -> R) -> R {
-        f(&*self.socket.get(), &*self.inner.get())
+    fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&SocketStack, &Inner<D>) -> R) -> R {
+        f(&*self.socket.borrow(), &*self.inner.borrow())
     }
 
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with_mut<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut SocketStack, &mut Inner<D>) -> R) -> R {
-        f(&mut *self.socket.get(), &mut *self.inner.get())
+    fn with_mut<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut SocketStack, &mut Inner<D>) -> R) -> R {
+        f(&mut *self.socket.borrow_mut(), &mut *self.inner.borrow_mut())
     }
 
     pub fn ethernet_address(&self) -> [u8; 6] {
-        unsafe { self.with(|_s, i| i.device.device.ethernet_address()) }
+        self.with(|_s, i| i.device.device.ethernet_address())
     }
 
     pub fn is_link_up(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.with(|_s, i| i.link_up) }
+        self.with(|_s, i| i.link_up)
     }
 
     pub fn is_config_up(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.with(|_s, i| i.config.is_some()) }
+        self.with(|_s, i| i.config.is_some())
     }
 
     pub fn config(&self) -> Option<Config> {
-        unsafe { self.with(|_s, i| i.config.clone()) }
+        self.with(|_s, i| i.config.clone())
     }
 
     pub async fn run(&self) -> ! {
         poll_fn(|cx| {
-            unsafe { self.with_mut(|s, i| i.poll(cx, s)) }
+            self.with_mut(|s, i| i.poll(cx, s));
             Poll::<()>::Pending
         })
         .await;
diff --git a/embassy-net/src/tcp.rs b/embassy-net/src/tcp.rs
index 85d9e5ee..60386535 100644
--- a/embassy-net/src/tcp.rs
+++ b/embassy-net/src/tcp.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::cell::RefCell;
 use core::future::poll_fn;
 use core::mem;
 use core::task::Poll;
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@ impl<'a> TcpWriter<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> TcpSocket<'a> {
     pub fn new<D: Device>(stack: &'a Stack<D>, rx_buffer: &'a mut [u8], tx_buffer: &'a mut [u8]) -> Self {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        let s = unsafe { &mut *stack.socket.get() };
+        let s = &mut *stack.socket.borrow_mut();
         let rx_buffer: &'static mut [u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(rx_buffer) };
         let tx_buffer: &'static mut [u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(tx_buffer) };
         let handle = s.sockets.add(tcp::Socket::new(
@@ -93,17 +92,15 @@ impl<'a> TcpSocket<'a> {
     where
         T: Into<IpEndpoint>,
     {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        let local_port = unsafe { &mut *self.io.stack.get() }.get_local_port();
+        let local_port = self.io.stack.borrow_mut().get_local_port();
 
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        match unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, i| s.connect(i, remote_endpoint, local_port)) } {
+        match { self.io.with_mut(|s, i| s.connect(i, remote_endpoint, local_port)) } {
             Ok(()) => {}
             Err(tcp::ConnectError::InvalidState) => return Err(ConnectError::InvalidState),
             Err(tcp::ConnectError::Unaddressable) => return Err(ConnectError::NoRoute),
         }
 
-        poll_fn(|cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(|cx| {
             self.io.with_mut(|s, _| match s.state() {
                 tcp::State::Closed | tcp::State::TimeWait => Poll::Ready(Err(ConnectError::ConnectionReset)),
                 tcp::State::Listen => unreachable!(),
@@ -121,14 +118,13 @@ impl<'a> TcpSocket<'a> {
     where
         T: Into<IpListenEndpoint>,
     {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        match unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.listen(local_endpoint)) } {
+        match self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.listen(local_endpoint)) {
             Ok(()) => {}
             Err(tcp::ListenError::InvalidState) => return Err(AcceptError::InvalidState),
             Err(tcp::ListenError::Unaddressable) => return Err(AcceptError::InvalidPort),
         }
 
-        poll_fn(|cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(|cx| {
             self.io.with_mut(|s, _| match s.state() {
                 tcp::State::Listen | tcp::State::SynSent | tcp::State::SynReceived => {
                     s.register_send_waker(cx.waker());
@@ -149,51 +145,49 @@ impl<'a> TcpSocket<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn set_timeout(&mut self, duration: Option<Duration>) {
-        unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_timeout(duration)) }
+        self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_timeout(duration))
     }
 
     pub fn set_keep_alive(&mut self, interval: Option<Duration>) {
-        unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_keep_alive(interval)) }
+        self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_keep_alive(interval))
     }
 
     pub fn set_hop_limit(&mut self, hop_limit: Option<u8>) {
-        unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_hop_limit(hop_limit)) }
+        self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.set_hop_limit(hop_limit))
     }
 
     pub fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Option<IpEndpoint> {
-        unsafe { self.io.with(|s, _| s.local_endpoint()) }
+        self.io.with(|s, _| s.local_endpoint())
     }
 
     pub fn remote_endpoint(&self) -> Option<IpEndpoint> {
-        unsafe { self.io.with(|s, _| s.remote_endpoint()) }
+        self.io.with(|s, _| s.remote_endpoint())
     }
 
     pub fn state(&self) -> tcp::State {
-        unsafe { self.io.with(|s, _| s.state()) }
+        self.io.with(|s, _| s.state())
     }
 
     pub fn close(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.close()) }
+        self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.close())
     }
 
     pub fn abort(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.abort()) }
+        self.io.with_mut(|s, _| s.abort())
     }
 
     pub fn may_send(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.io.with(|s, _| s.may_send()) }
+        self.io.with(|s, _| s.may_send())
     }
 
     pub fn may_recv(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.io.with(|s, _| s.may_recv()) }
+        self.io.with(|s, _| s.may_recv())
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Drop for TcpSocket<'a> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        let s = unsafe { &mut *self.io.stack.get() };
-        s.sockets.remove(self.io.handle);
+        self.io.stack.borrow_mut().sockets.remove(self.io.handle);
     }
 }
 
@@ -201,21 +195,19 @@ impl<'a> Drop for TcpSocket<'a> {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 struct TcpIo<'a> {
-    stack: &'a UnsafeCell<SocketStack>,
+    stack: &'a RefCell<SocketStack>,
     handle: SocketHandle,
 }
 
 impl<'d> TcpIo<'d> {
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&tcp::Socket, &Interface) -> R) -> R {
-        let s = &*self.stack.get();
+    fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&tcp::Socket, &Interface) -> R) -> R {
+        let s = &*self.stack.borrow();
         let socket = s.sockets.get::<tcp::Socket>(self.handle);
         f(socket, &s.iface)
     }
 
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with_mut<R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut tcp::Socket, &mut Interface) -> R) -> R {
-        let s = &mut *self.stack.get();
+    fn with_mut<R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut tcp::Socket, &mut Interface) -> R) -> R {
+        let s = &mut *self.stack.borrow_mut();
         let socket = s.sockets.get_mut::<tcp::Socket>(self.handle);
         let res = f(socket, &mut s.iface);
         s.waker.wake();
@@ -223,7 +215,7 @@ impl<'d> TcpIo<'d> {
     }
 
     async fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-        poll_fn(move |cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(move |cx| {
             // CAUTION: smoltcp semantics around EOF are different to what you'd expect
             // from posix-like IO, so we have to tweak things here.
             self.with_mut(|s, _| match s.recv_slice(buf) {
@@ -244,7 +236,7 @@ impl<'d> TcpIo<'d> {
     }
 
     async fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-        poll_fn(move |cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(move |cx| {
             self.with_mut(|s, _| match s.send_slice(buf) {
                 // Not ready to send (no space in the tx buffer)
                 Ok(0) => {
@@ -332,6 +324,7 @@ mod embedded_io_impls {
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable-traits", feature = "nightly"))]
 pub mod client {
+    use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
     use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
     use core::ptr::NonNull;
 
diff --git a/embassy-net/src/udp.rs b/embassy-net/src/udp.rs
index f2e33493..4ddad77d 100644
--- a/embassy-net/src/udp.rs
+++ b/embassy-net/src/udp.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::cell::RefCell;
 use core::future::poll_fn;
 use core::mem;
 use core::task::Poll;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 pub struct UdpSocket<'a> {
-    stack: &'a UnsafeCell<SocketStack>,
+    stack: &'a RefCell<SocketStack>,
     handle: SocketHandle,
 }
 
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ impl<'a> UdpSocket<'a> {
         tx_meta: &'a mut [PacketMetadata],
         tx_buffer: &'a mut [u8],
     ) -> Self {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        let s = unsafe { &mut *stack.socket.get() };
+        let s = &mut *stack.socket.borrow_mut();
 
         let rx_meta: &'static mut [PacketMetadata] = unsafe { mem::transmute(rx_meta) };
         let rx_buffer: &'static mut [u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(rx_buffer) };
@@ -63,30 +62,26 @@ impl<'a> UdpSocket<'a> {
     {
         let mut endpoint = endpoint.into();
 
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
         if endpoint.port == 0 {
             // If user didn't specify port allocate a dynamic port.
-            endpoint.port = unsafe { &mut *self.stack.get() }.get_local_port();
+            endpoint.port = self.stack.borrow_mut().get_local_port();
         }
 
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        match unsafe { self.with_mut(|s, _| s.bind(endpoint)) } {
+        match self.with_mut(|s, _| s.bind(endpoint)) {
             Ok(()) => Ok(()),
             Err(udp::BindError::InvalidState) => Err(BindError::InvalidState),
             Err(udp::BindError::Unaddressable) => Err(BindError::NoRoute),
         }
     }
 
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&udp::Socket, &Interface) -> R) -> R {
-        let s = &*self.stack.get();
+    fn with<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&udp::Socket, &Interface) -> R) -> R {
+        let s = &*self.stack.borrow();
         let socket = s.sockets.get::<udp::Socket>(self.handle);
         f(socket, &s.iface)
     }
 
-    /// SAFETY: must not call reentrantly.
-    unsafe fn with_mut<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut udp::Socket, &mut Interface) -> R) -> R {
-        let s = &mut *self.stack.get();
+    fn with_mut<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut udp::Socket, &mut Interface) -> R) -> R {
+        let s = &mut *self.stack.borrow_mut();
         let socket = s.sockets.get_mut::<udp::Socket>(self.handle);
         let res = f(socket, &mut s.iface);
         s.waker.wake();
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ impl<'a> UdpSocket<'a> {
     }
 
     pub async fn recv_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(usize, IpEndpoint), Error> {
-        poll_fn(move |cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(move |cx| {
             self.with_mut(|s, _| match s.recv_slice(buf) {
                 Ok(x) => Poll::Ready(Ok(x)),
                 // No data ready
@@ -113,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'a> UdpSocket<'a> {
         T: Into<IpEndpoint>,
     {
         let remote_endpoint = remote_endpoint.into();
-        poll_fn(move |cx| unsafe {
+        poll_fn(move |cx| {
             self.with_mut(|s, _| match s.send_slice(buf, remote_endpoint) {
                 // Entire datagram has been sent
                 Ok(()) => Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
@@ -128,30 +123,28 @@ impl<'a> UdpSocket<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn endpoint(&self) -> IpListenEndpoint {
-        unsafe { self.with(|s, _| s.endpoint()) }
+        self.with(|s, _| s.endpoint())
     }
 
     pub fn is_open(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.with(|s, _| s.is_open()) }
+        self.with(|s, _| s.is_open())
     }
 
     pub fn close(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { self.with_mut(|s, _| s.close()) }
+        self.with_mut(|s, _| s.close())
     }
 
     pub fn may_send(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.with(|s, _| s.can_send()) }
+        self.with(|s, _| s.can_send())
     }
 
     pub fn may_recv(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { self.with(|s, _| s.can_recv()) }
+        self.with(|s, _| s.can_recv())
     }
 }
 
 impl Drop for UdpSocket<'_> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // safety: not accessed reentrantly.
-        let s = unsafe { &mut *self.stack.get() };
-        s.sockets.remove(self.handle);
+        self.stack.borrow_mut().sockets.remove(self.handle);
     }
 }